Docker Desktop WSL 2 backend on Windows
Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) 2 is a full Linux kernel built by Microsoft, which lets Linux distributions run without managing virtual machines. With Docker Desktop running on WSL 2, users can leverage Linux workspaces and avoid maintaining both Linux and Windows build scripts. In addition, WSL 2 provides improvements to file system sharing and boot time.
Docker Desktop uses the dynamic memory allocation feature in WSL 2 to improve the resource consumption. This means Docker Desktop only uses the required amount of CPU and memory resources it needs, while allowing CPU and memory-intensive tasks such as building a container, to run much faster.
Additionally, with WSL 2, the time required to start a Docker daemon after a cold start is significantly faster.
Prerequisites
Before you turn on the Docker Desktop WSL 2 feature, ensure you have:
- At a minimum WSL version 1.1.3.0., but ideally the latest version of WSL to avoid Docker Desktop not working as expected.
- Met the Docker Desktop for Windows' system requirements.
- Installed the WSL 2 feature on Windows. For detailed instructions, refer to the Microsoft documentation.
Tip
For a better experience on WSL, consider enabling the WSL autoMemoryReclaim setting available since WSL 1.3.10 (experimental).
This feature enhances the Windows host's ability to reclaim unused memory within the WSL virtual machine, ensuring improved memory availability for other host applications. This capability is especially beneficial for Docker Desktop, as it prevents the WSL VM from retaining large amounts of memory (in GBs) within the Linux kernel's page cache during Docker container image builds, without releasing it back to the host when no longer needed within the VM.
Turn on Docker Desktop WSL 2
Important
To avoid any potential conflicts with using WSL 2 on Docker Desktop, you must uninstall any previous versions of Docker Engine and CLI installed directly through Linux distributions before installing Docker Desktop.
Download and install the latest version of Docker Desktop for Windows.
Follow the usual installation instructions to install Docker Desktop. Depending on which version of Windows you are using, Docker Desktop may prompt you to turn on WSL 2 during installation. Read the information displayed on the screen and turn on the WSL 2 feature to continue.
Start Docker Desktop from the Windows Start menu.
Navigate to Settings.
From the General tab, select Use WSL 2 based engine..
If you have installed Docker Desktop on a system that supports WSL 2, this option is turned on by default.
Select Apply & Restart.
Now docker
commands work from Windows using the new WSL 2 engine.
Tip
By default, Docker Desktop stores the data for the WSL 2 engine at
C:\Users\[USERNAME]\AppData\Local\Docker\wsl
. If you want to change the location, for example, to another drive you can do so via theSettings -> Resources -> Advanced
page from the Docker Dashboard. Read more about this and other Windows settings at Changing settings
Enabling Docker support in WSL 2 distros
WSL 2 adds support for "Linux distros" to Windows, where each distro behaves like a VM except they all run on top of a single shared Linux kernel.
Docker Desktop does not require any particular Linux distros to be installed. The docker
CLI and UI all work fine from Windows without any additional Linux distros. However for the best developer experience, we recommend installing at least one additional distro and enable Docker support:
Ensure the distribution runs in WSL 2 mode. WSL can run distributions in both v1 or v2 mode.
To check the WSL mode, run:
$ wsl.exe -l -v
To upgrade the Linux distro to v2, run:
$ wsl.exe --set-version (distro name) 2
To set v2 as the default version for future installations, run:
$ wsl.exe --set-default-version 2
When Docker Desktop starts, go to Settings > Resources > WSL Integration.
The Docker-WSL integration is enabled on the default WSL distribution, which is Ubuntu. To change your default WSL distro, run:
$ wsl --set-default <distro name>
Select Apply & Restart.
Note
With Docker Desktop version 4.30 and earlier, Docker Desktop installed two special-purpose internal Linux distros
docker-desktop
anddocker-desktop-data
.docker-desktop
is used to run the Docker enginedockerd
, whiledocker-desktop-data
stores containers and images. Neither can be used for general development.With fresh installations of Docker Desktop 4.30 and later,
docker-desktop-data
is no longer created. Instead, Docker Desktop creates and manages its own virtual hard disk for storage. Thedocker-desktop
distro is still created and used to run the Docker engine.Note that Docker Desktop version 4.30 and later keeps using the
docker-desktop-data
distribution if it was already created by an earlier version of Docker Desktop and has not been freshly installed or factory reset.