Docker Desktop WSL 2 backend on Windows

Table of contents

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) 2 is a full Linux kernel built by Microsoft, which lets Linux distributions run without managing virtual machines. With Docker Desktop running on WSL 2, users can leverage Linux workspaces and avoid maintaining both Linux and Windows build scripts. In addition, WSL 2 provides improvements to file system sharing and boot time.

Docker Desktop uses the dynamic memory allocation feature in WSL 2 to improve the resource consumption. This means Docker Desktop only uses the required amount of CPU and memory resources it needs, while allowing CPU and memory-intensive tasks such as building a container, to run much faster.

Additionally, with WSL 2, the time required to start a Docker daemon after a cold start is significantly faster.

Prerequisites

Before you turn on the Docker Desktop WSL 2 feature, ensure you have:

Tip

For a better experience on WSL, consider enabling the WSL autoMemoryReclaim setting available since WSL 1.3.10 (experimental).

This feature enhances the Windows host's ability to reclaim unused memory within the WSL virtual machine, ensuring improved memory availability for other host applications. This capability is especially beneficial for Docker Desktop, as it prevents the WSL VM from retaining large amounts of memory (in GBs) within the Linux kernel's page cache during Docker container image builds, without releasing it back to the host when no longer needed within the VM.

Turn on Docker Desktop WSL 2

Important

To avoid any potential conflicts with using WSL 2 on Docker Desktop, you must uninstall any previous versions of Docker Engine and CLI installed directly through Linux distributions before installing Docker Desktop.

  1. Download and install the latest version of Docker Desktop for Windows.

  2. Follow the usual installation instructions to install Docker Desktop. Depending on which version of Windows you are using, Docker Desktop may prompt you to turn on WSL 2 during installation. Read the information displayed on the screen and turn on the WSL 2 feature to continue.

  3. Start Docker Desktop from the Windows Start menu.

  4. Navigate to Settings.

  5. From the General tab, select Use WSL 2 based engine..

    If you have installed Docker Desktop on a system that supports WSL 2, this option is turned on by default.

  6. Select Apply & Restart.

Now docker commands work from Windows using the new WSL 2 engine.

Tip

By default, Docker Desktop stores the data for the WSL 2 engine at C:\Users\[USERNAME]\AppData\Local\Docker\wsl. If you want to change the location, for example, to another drive you can do so via the Settings -> Resources -> Advanced page from the Docker Dashboard. Read more about this and other Windows settings at Changing settings

Enabling Docker support in WSL 2 distributions

WSL 2 adds support for "Linux distributions" to Windows, where each distribution behaves like a VM except they all run on top of a single shared Linux kernel.

Docker Desktop does not require any particular Linux distributions to be installed. The docker CLI and UI all work fine from Windows without any additional Linux distributions. However for the best developer experience, we recommend installing at least one additional distribution and enable Docker support:

  1. Ensure the distribution runs in WSL 2 mode. WSL can run distributions in both v1 or v2 mode.

    To check the WSL mode, run:

    $ wsl.exe -l -v

    To upgrade the Linux distribution to v2, run:

    $ wsl.exe --set-version (distribution name) 2

    To set v2 as the default version for future installations, run:

    $ wsl.exe --set-default-version 2

  2. When Docker Desktop starts, go to Settings > Resources > WSL Integration.

    The Docker-WSL integration is enabled on the default WSL distribution, which is Ubuntu. To change your default WSL distribution, run:

    $ wsl --set-default <distribution name>

  3. Select Apply & Restart.

Note

With Docker Desktop version 4.30 and earlier, Docker Desktop installed two special-purpose internal Linux distributions docker-desktop and docker-desktop-data. docker-desktop is used to run the Docker engine dockerd, while docker-desktop-data stores containers and images. Neither can be used for general development.

With fresh installations of Docker Desktop 4.30 and later, docker-desktop-data is no longer created. Instead, Docker Desktop creates and manages its own virtual hard disk for storage. The docker-desktop distribution is still created and used to run the Docker engine.

Note that Docker Desktop version 4.30 and later keeps using the docker-desktop-data distribution if it was already created by an earlier version of Docker Desktop and has not been freshly installed or factory reset.

Additional resources