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Create the Spring Boot project

Table of contents

Set up the project

Create a Spring Boot project from Spring Initializr by selecting the Spring Web, Spring Reactive Web, and Testcontainers starters.

Alternatively, clone the guide repository.

After generating the project, add the REST Assured and MockServer libraries as test dependencies. The key dependencies in pom.xml are:

<properties>
    <java.version>17</java.version>
    <testcontainers.version>2.0.4</testcontainers.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
        <artifactId>testcontainers-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
        <artifactId>testcontainers-mockserver</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mock-server</groupId>
        <artifactId>mockserver-netty</artifactId>
        <version>5.15.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
        <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Using the Testcontainers BOM (Bill of Materials) is recommended so that you don't have to repeat the version for every Testcontainers module dependency.

This guide builds an application that manages video albums. A third-party REST API handles photo assets. For demonstration purposes, the application uses the publicly available JSONPlaceholder API as a photo service.

The application exposes a GET /api/albums/{albumId} endpoint that calls the photo service to fetch photos for a given album. MockServer is a library for mocking HTTP-based services. Testcontainers provides a MockServer module that runs MockServer as a Docker container.

Create the Album and Photo models

Create Album.java using Java records:

package com.testcontainers.demo;

import java.util.List;

public record Album(Long albumId, List<Photo> photos) {}

record Photo(Long id, String title, String url, String thumbnailUrl) {}

Create the PhotoServiceClient interface

Spring Framework 6 introduced declarative HTTP client support. Create an interface with a method that fetches photos for a given album ID:

package com.testcontainers.demo;

import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.service.annotation.GetExchange;

interface PhotoServiceClient {
  @GetExchange("/albums/{albumId}/photos")
  List<Photo> getPhotos(@PathVariable Long albumId);
}

Register PhotoServiceClient as a bean

To generate a runtime implementation of PhotoServiceClient, register it as a Spring bean using HttpServiceProxyFactory. The factory requires an HttpClientAdapter implementation. Spring Boot provides WebClientAdapter as part of the spring-webflux library:

package com.testcontainers.demo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.support.WebClientAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.service.invoker.HttpServiceProxyFactory;

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

  @Bean
  public PhotoServiceClient photoServiceClient(
    @Value("${photos.api.base-url}") String photosApiBaseUrl
  ) {
    WebClient client = WebClient.builder().baseUrl(photosApiBaseUrl).build();
    HttpServiceProxyFactory factory = HttpServiceProxyFactory
      .builder(WebClientAdapter.forClient(client))
      .build();
    return factory.createClient(PhotoServiceClient.class);
  }
}

The photo service base URL is externalized as a configuration property. Add the following entry to src/main/resources/application.properties:

photos.api.base-url=https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com

Create the REST API endpoint

Create AlbumController.java:

package com.testcontainers.demo;

import java.util.List;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientResponseException;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
class AlbumController {

  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(
    AlbumController.class
  );

  private final PhotoServiceClient photoServiceClient;

  AlbumController(PhotoServiceClient photoServiceClient) {
    this.photoServiceClient = photoServiceClient;
  }

  @GetMapping("/albums/{albumId}")
  public ResponseEntity<Album> getAlbumById(@PathVariable Long albumId) {
    try {
      List<Photo> photos = photoServiceClient.getPhotos(albumId);
      return ResponseEntity.ok(new Album(albumId, photos));
    } catch (WebClientResponseException e) {
      logger.error("Failed to get photos", e);
      return new ResponseEntity<>(e.getStatusCode());
    }
  }
}

This endpoint calls the photo service for a given album ID and returns a response like:

{
  "albumId": 1,
  "photos": [
    {
      "id": 51,
      "title": "non sunt voluptatem placeat consequuntur rem incidunt",
      "url": "https://via.placeholder.com/600/8e973b",
      "thumbnailUrl": "https://via.placeholder.com/150/8e973b"
    },
    {
      "id": 52,
      "title": "eveniet pariatur quia nobis reiciendis laboriosam ea",
      "url": "https://via.placeholder.com/600/121fa4",
      "thumbnailUrl": "https://via.placeholder.com/150/121fa4"
    }
  ]
}
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