Use Compose in production
When you define your app with Compose in development, you can use this definition to run your application in different environments such as CI, staging, and production.
The easiest way to deploy an application is to run it on a single server, similar to how you would run your development environment. If you want to scale up your application, you can run Compose apps on a Swarm cluster.
Modify your Compose file for production
You may need to make changes to your app configuration to make it ready for production. These changes might include:
- Removing any volume bindings for application code, so that code stays inside the container and can't be changed from outside
- Binding to different ports on the host
- Setting environment variables differently, such as reducing the verbosity of logging, or to specify settings for external services such as an email server
- Specifying a restart policy like
restart: always
to avoid downtime - Adding extra services such as a log aggregator
For this reason, consider defining an additional Compose file, for example
production.yml
, which specifies production-appropriate
configuration. This configuration file only needs to include the changes you want to make from the original Compose file. The additional Compose file
is then applied over the original compose.yml
to create a new configuration.
Once you have a second configuration file, you can use it with the
-f
option:
$ docker compose -f compose.yml -f production.yml up -d
See Using multiple compose files for a more complete example, and other options.
Deploying changes
When you make changes to your app code, remember to rebuild your image and
recreate your app's containers. To redeploy a service called
web
, use:
$ docker compose build web
$ docker compose up --no-deps -d web
This first command rebuilds the image for web
and then stops, destroys, and recreates
just the web
service. The --no-deps
flag prevents Compose from also
recreating any services which web
depends on.
Running Compose on a single server
You can use Compose to deploy an app to a remote Docker host by setting the
DOCKER_HOST
, DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY
, and DOCKER_CERT_PATH
environment variables
appropriately. For more information, see
pre-defined environment variables.
Once you've set up your environment variables, all the normal docker compose
commands work with no further configuration.